E. Trecutul ( preteritul -aspectul nedefinit )

A. Prezentare

I booked...

- ed: aceasta terminatie, adaugata la infinitivul verbelor obisnuite(numite [slabe] sau [regulate]), construieste forma timpului trecut (preterit)

to book: I(you, he, she, it, we, they) booked
- HIS lui, sau, sa, sai, sale (posesorul: la masculin singular)
- HER lui, sau, sa, sai, sale (posesorul: la feminin singular)

B. Aplicatii

1. I decided to study Englishlast year. Am hotarat sa studiez engleza anul trecut.
2. I stayed two weeks in London last month. Am stat 2 saptamani la Londra luna trecuta.
3. I worked in England from 1982 (nineteen eighty two) to 1989 (nineteen eighty nine). Am lucrat in Anglia din 1982 pana in 1989.
4. I studied Italian for a month during the summer. Am studiat italiana timp de o luna in cursul verii.
5. He stayed in England too. Si el a stat in Anglia.
6. They decided to help Bob in March. Ei au hotarat sa-l ajute pe Bob in martie.
7. Last April you promised to visit Jeff and Ann. In aprilie trecut ati primis sa-i vizitati pe Jeff si Ann.
8. We reached London in the evening. Am sosit la Londra aseara.
9. She arrived home early in the afternoon. Ea ajuns acasa dupa-amiaza devreme.
10. He called the restaurant and booked a table for two. El a telefonat larestaurant si a rezervat o masa pentru doua persoane.
11. She phoned Jeff from her office. Ea a telefonat lui Jeff de la biroul ei.
12. He answered Ann's phone from his office. El a raspuns telefonului lui Ann din biroul lui.

C. Observatii

Preteritul (aspectul nedefinit): este unul dintre cele trei tipuri ale trecutului in engleza.
Se poate traduce prin perfect simplu, perfect compus sau imperfect.
La majoritatea verbelor obisnuite (numite slabe sau regulate), se construieste cu ajutorul terminatiei -ED (sau D daca verbul se termina in E; ex. to decide, I decided , eu hotarai, am hotarat, hotaram).

Aceasta constructie in -ED este identica pentru toate persoanele.
Ea nu se aplica la grupa importanta a verbelor tari sau neregulate.
Acest timp este foarte frecvent folosit si descrie o actiune incheiata si de regula fixata in timp.

I visited London in 1980. Am vizitat Londra in 1980.

Last: nu se pune articol hotarat atunci cand last precede cuvinte ca week, month, year sau zilele saptamanii; face exceptie o expresie de tipul: the last week of my holydays, ultima saptamana a vacantei mele.

His, her: adjectivul posesiv la persoana a 3-a singular se acorda numai cu genul posesorului.
Betty: masina sa(ei), cainele sau(ei), prietenii sai(ei)
her car, her dog, her friends
John: masina sa(lui), cainele sau(lui), prietenii sai(lui)

his car, his dog, his friends.

D Prezentare

Verbele obisnuite tari sau neregulate au o forma speciala pentru preterit (identica pentru toate persoanele)
- to be : 2 forme: I(he, she, it) WAS - a fost
WE (you, they) WERE - au fost

- to have : 1 forma : I (he, she, it, we, you, they) HAD - a avut

- Preteritul(aspectul continuu)

subiect+ was/were+pariticipiul prezent in -ing

- to tell, a spune - I told , eu spusei, am spus, spuneam
- to sell, a vinde - I sold, eu vandui, am vandut, vindeam
- to know, a sti - I knew, eu stiui, am stiut, stiam
- to buy= I bought; to come= I came; to do= I did; to drink= I drank; to drive= I drove;
- to eat= I ate; to find= I found; to give= I gave; to learn= I learnt; to leave= I left;
- to meet= I met; to see= I saw; to sleep= I slept; to take= I took

E Aplicatie

1. He told Peter to come. El i-a spus lui Peter sa vina.
2. They sold me a radio-set. Ei mi-au vandut mie un aparat de radio.
3. I knew the answer very well. Eu stiam foarte bine raspunsul.
4. She drove me to the station last night. Ea ma condus la gara noaptea trecuta.
5. We met John's parents yesterday. Noi i-am intalnit pe parintii lui John ieri.
6. I was very glad to meet you. Am fost foarte bucuros sa va intalnesc.
7. They were in Spain last year. Ei se aflau in Spania anul trecut.
8. We drank several whiskies. Noi am baut mai multe whisky-uri.
9. He told us an interesting story. El ne-a spus o poveste interesanta.
10. I saw Charles last month. L-am vazut pe Charles luna trecuta.
    
11. He phoned as we were leaving. El a telefonat pe cand noi plecam.
12. I was reading when he came and invited me to dinner. Eu citeam atunci cand el a venit si m-a inviat la masa.
    

F. Observatii

She told me. Forma told reprezinta preteritul to tell. Acest verb, este un verb tare sau neregulat. Trecutul nu se mai formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ed, ci trebuie invatat pentru fiecare verb din aceasta categorie.

To tell , aspune - I (he, she, we, you, they) told , eu spusei, am spus, spuneam.

Atentie: in limba vorbita. el se traduce cel mai adesea cu perfectul compus, atunci cand acesta descrie un fapt petrecut in trecut si fixat in timp.

Ieri l-am intalnit pe Paul. I met Paul yesterday.

Preteritul lui to be: I (he, she, it) was
We ( you, they) were

Preteritul aspectul continuu: was / were + participiul prezent in -ing, care corespunde adesea imperfectului din romana:

I was sleeping. Eu dormeam

G. Exercitii de pronuntie

Terminatia -ED se pronunta:

[ id ], dupa d sau t: to decided , to waited

[ t ], dupa ch, sh, f, k, p, s, x: reached
booked
liked
helped

[ d ] in toate celelalte cazuri: called, stayed

- Ago, precedat de o unitate de timp, se traduce prin: acum.., cu ... in urma. Verbul se afla todeauna la preterit:
Acum o ora eram cu Jim: I was with Jim an hour ago.
Ea a parasit Londra acum trei zile. She left London three days ago.
El si-a vandut masina cu doua saptamani in urma. He sold his car two weeks ago.
Cu un an in urma ei lucrau in Anglia. A year ago they were working in Britain.

H. Exercitii

1. Treceti la preterit (aspectul nedefinit).

1. She tell me to study.
2. They promise to help me.
3. You sell me a car.
4. We eat at nine p.m.
5. I find an interesting restaurant.

2. Treceti la preterit (aspectul continuu).

1. He is working in Spain.
2. She is reading a new book.
3. She is studying.
4. You are waiting for Jane.
5. They are drinking wine.

3. Traduceti in engleza:

1. Am ajuns la Londra inainte de ora 21.
2. Ei m-au condus la gara ieri seara.
3. Eu am rezervat o masa pentru ora 20.
4. Eu beam o bere atunci cand mi-a telefonat.
5. El a sosit devreme saptamana trecuta.
6. Luna trecuta , noi vizitam Londra.

4. Adjective posesive.

1. El si-a vandut masina (lui) ieri.
2. Ea si-a vandut masina (ei) luna trecuta.
3. Ea m-a invitat la restaurantul ei saptamana treucta.
4. El mi-a dat timbrele lui.
5. Ea mi-a dat discurile ei.